使用相对比心脏磁共振成像（PC-CMR）进行的流量分析可以量化用于评估心血管功能的重要参数。该分析的重要部分是鉴定正确的CMR视图和质量控制（QC），以检测可能影响流量定量的伪像。我们提出了一个新型的基于深度学习的框架，用于对完整CMR扫描的流量进行完全自动化的分析，该框架首先使用两个顺序卷积神经网络进行这些视图选择和QC步骤，然后进行自动主动脉和肺动脉分段，以实现对量化的量化。钥匙流参数。对于观察分类和QC，获得了0.958和0.914的精度值。对于细分，骰子分数为$> $ 0.969，而平淡的altman情节表示手动和自动峰流量值之间的一致性很高。此外，我们在外部验证数据集上测试了管道，结果表明管道的鲁棒性。这项工作是使用由986例病例组成的多生临床数据进行的，表明在临床环境中使用该管道的潜力。

胎儿超声（US）中胎盘的自动分割由于（i）（i）胎盘外观的高度多样性而具有挑战性我们禁止在妊娠晚期进行整个胎盘评估的观点。在这项工作中，我们通过多任务学习方法解决了这三个挑战，该方法结合了单个卷积神经网络中胎盘位置（例如，前，后部）和语义胎盘分段的分类。通过分类任务，模型可以从更大，更多样化的数据集中学习，同时在有限的训练集条件下提高分割任务的准确性。通过这种方法，我们研究了多个评估者的注释的变异性，并表明我们的自动分割（前胎盘的骰子为0.86，后胎盘的骰子为0.83），与观察者内和观察者间的变异性相比，我们的自动段性能达到了人级的性能。最后，我们的方法可以使用由三个阶段组成的多视图US采集管道提供整个胎盘分割：多探针图像采集，图像融合和图像分段。这会导致对较大结构（例如胎盘中的胎盘）的高质量分割，其图像伪像降低，这超出了单个探针的视野。

即使自动编码器（AES）具有无标签的学习紧凑表示的理想特性，并且已广泛应用于分布式（OOD）检测，但它们通常仍然很熟悉，并且在检测正常的异常值中被错误地使用并被错误地使用。异常分布是强烈重叠的。通常，假定学习的歧管包含关键信息，这对于描述训练分布中的样本很重要，并且离群值的重建导致较高的残余错误。但是，最近的工作表明，AE在重建某些类型的OOD样品方面可能会更好。在这项工作中，我们挑战了这一假设，并研究了自动编码器在提出两个不同任务时实际学习的内容。首先，我们提出了两个基于FR \'Echet Inception距离（FID）的指标和受过训练的分类器的置信度得分，以评估AES是否可以学习训练分布并可靠地识别其他领域的样本。其次，我们研究了AE是否能够在更具挑战性的肺病理检测任务上合成来自具有异常区域样本的正常图像。我们发现，最新的（SOTA）AES要么无法限制潜在的多种流形并允许重建异常模式，要么无法准确地从其潜伏分布中恢复输入，从而导致模糊或失误的重建。 。我们提出了新型的可变形自动编码器（morphaeus）来学习感知的全局图像先验，并根据估计的致密变形场局部适应其形态法。我们在检测OOD和病理学方面表现出优于无监督方法的卓越性能。

晚期钆增强磁共振成像（LGE MRI）通常用于可视化和量化左心房（LA）疤痕。疤痕的位置和程度提供了心理生理学和心房颤动进展的重要信息（AF）。因此，LGE MRI的La Scar分段和量化可用于AF患者的计算机辅助诊断和治疗分层。由于手动描绘可能是耗时的，并且经过专家内和专家间变异性，因此非常需要自动化这种计算，这然而仍然仍然具有挑战性和研究。本文旨在为La腔，墙壁，瘢痕和消融差距分割和LGE MRI的定量提供系统审查，以及AF研究的相关文献。具体而言，我们首先总结AF相关的成像技术，特别是LGE MRI。然后，我们详细介绍了四个计算任务的方法，并总结了每个任务中应用的验证策略。最后，概述了未来可能的未来发展，简要调查了上述方法的潜在临床应用。审查表明，该主题的研究仍处于早期阶段。虽然已经提出了几种方法，但特别是对于LA分割，由于与图像采集的高度变化相关的性能问题和图像采集差异有关的性能问题，仍有很大的算法发展。

晚期钆增强磁共振成像（LGE MRI）的左心房（LA）和心房瘢痕分割是临床实践中的重要任务。 ％，引导消融治疗和预测心房颤动（AF）患者的治疗结果。然而，由于图像质量差，各种La形状，薄壁和周围增强区域，自动分割仍然具有挑战性。以前的方法通常独立解决了这两个任务，并忽略了洛杉矶和疤痕之间的内在空间关系。在这项工作中，我们开发了一个新的框架，即atrialjsqnet，其中La分段，在La表面上的瘢痕投影以及疤痕量化，在端到端的样式中进行。我们通过明确的表面投影提出了一种形状注意（SA），以利用LA和LA瘢痕之间的固有相关性。具体而言，SA方案嵌入到多任务架构中以执行联合LA分段和瘢痕量化。此外，引入了空间编码（SE）丢失以包含目标的连续空间信息，以便在预测的分割中减少嘈杂的斑块。我们从Miccai2018 La挑战中评估了60 LGE MRIS上提出的框架。在公共数据集上的广泛实验表明了拟议的ATRIALJSQNET的效果，从而实现了最先进的竞争性能。明确探索了LA分割和瘢痕量化之间的相关性，并对这两个任务显示出显着的性能改进。一旦稿件接受通过https://zmiclab.github.io/projects.html，就会公开发布的代码和结果。

Many modern research fields increasingly rely on collecting and analysing massive, often unstructured, and unwieldy datasets. Consequently, there is growing interest in machine learning and artificial intelligence applications that can harness this `data deluge'. This broad nontechnical overview provides a gentle introduction to machine learning with a specific focus on medical and biological applications. We explain the common types of machine learning algorithms and typical tasks that can be solved, illustrating the basics with concrete examples from healthcare. Lastly, we provide an outlook on open challenges, limitations, and potential impacts of machine-learning-powered medicine.

To train deep learning models, which often outperform traditional approaches, large datasets of a specified medium, e.g., images, are used in numerous areas. However, for light field-specific machine learning tasks, there is a lack of such available datasets. Therefore, we create our own light field datasets, which have great potential for a variety of applications due to the abundance of information in light fields compared to singular images. Using the Unity and C# frameworks, we develop a novel approach for generating large, scalable, and reproducible light field datasets based on customizable hardware configurations to accelerate light field deep learning research.

Machine Learning models capable of handling the large datasets collected in the financial world can often become black boxes expensive to run. The quantum computing paradigm suggests new optimization techniques, that combined with classical algorithms, may deliver competitive, faster and more interpretable models. In this work we propose a quantum-enhanced machine learning solution for the prediction of credit rating downgrades, also known as fallen-angels forecasting in the financial risk management field. We implement this solution on a neutral atom Quantum Processing Unit with up to 60 qubits on a real-life dataset. We report competitive performances against the state-of-the-art Random Forest benchmark whilst our model achieves better interpretability and comparable training times. We examine how to improve performance in the near-term validating our ideas with Tensor Networks-based numerical simulations.

Generative adversarial networks are a promising tool for image generation in the astronomy domain. Of particular interest are conditional generative adversarial networks (cGANs), which allow you to divide images into several classes according to the value of some property of the image, and then specify the required class when generating new images. In the case of images from Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs), an important property is the total brightness of all image pixels (image size), which is in direct correlation with the energy of primary particles. We used a cGAN technique to generate images similar to whose obtained in the TAIGA-IACT experiment. As a training set, we used a set of two-dimensional images generated using the TAIGA Monte Carlo simulation software. We artificiallly divided the training set into 10 classes, sorting images by size and defining the boundaries of the classes so that the same number of images fall into each class. These classes were used while training our network. The paper shows that for each class, the size distribution of the generated images is close to normal with the mean value located approximately in the middle of the corresponding class. We also show that for the generated images, the total image size distribution obtained by summing the distributions over all classes is close to the original distribution of the training set. The results obtained will be useful for more accurate generation of realistic synthetic images similar to the ones taken by IACTs.

Multi-agent artificial intelligence research promises a path to develop intelligent technologies that are more human-like and more human-compatible than those produced by "solipsistic" approaches, which do not consider interactions between agents. Melting Pot is a research tool developed to facilitate work on multi-agent artificial intelligence, and provides an evaluation protocol that measures generalization to novel social partners in a set of canonical test scenarios. Each scenario pairs a physical environment (a "substrate") with a reference set of co-players (a "background population"), to create a social situation with substantial interdependence between the individuals involved. For instance, some scenarios were inspired by institutional-economics-based accounts of natural resource management and public-good-provision dilemmas. Others were inspired by considerations from evolutionary biology, game theory, and artificial life. Melting Pot aims to cover a maximally diverse set of interdependencies and incentives. It includes the commonly-studied extreme cases of perfectly-competitive (zero-sum) motivations and perfectly-cooperative (shared-reward) motivations, but does not stop with them. As in real-life, a clear majority of scenarios in Melting Pot have mixed incentives. They are neither purely competitive nor purely cooperative and thus demand successful agents be able to navigate the resulting ambiguity. Here we describe Melting Pot 2.0, which revises and expands on Melting Pot. We also introduce support for scenarios with asymmetric roles, and explain how to integrate them into the evaluation protocol. This report also contains: (1) details of all substrates and scenarios; (2) a complete description of all baseline algorithms and results. Our intention is for it to serve as a reference for researchers using Melting Pot 2.0.